Wearable ECG · desk opened JUL 18 2026 · revision 6 Reviewed OCT 15 2026

Wearable ECG: What Holds Up and What Doesn't

A wearable ECG detects atrial fibrillation well enough to act on. Whether screening a whole population prevents strokes is a different question entirely.

9 questions rated against 126 screened studies. Each rating is the evidence on that one question, not an average of the desk.

wearable ECG hub →

Where the evidence stands · 9 questions rated the number beside each is how many studies sit behind it

Established 3 questions

Do consumer wearables accurately detect AFib from the wrist?84
Do cardiologists disagree when reading a smartwatch ECG strip?4
Can a phone camera detect atrial fibrillation?6

Emerging 4 questions

Does wearable AFib screening overdiagnose?4
Is a wearable ECG good enough to diagnose AFib?4
Can a blood pressure monitor detect atrial fibrillation?6
Does a 14-day ECG patch find more than a 24-hour Holter?6

Uncertain 2 questions

Does wearable-based AF screening improve clinical outcomes like stroke prevention?25
Does a cuffless blood pressure wearable work?4

Do consumer wearables accurately detect AFib from the wrist?

Rated proposition Consumer wearable photoplethysmography detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough for screening.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Established Strong, consistent evidence supports the claim.

What the studies found Wrist wearables using an optical pulse sensor detect atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it. A positive result needs an ECG to confirm it.

Systematic-review or meta-analytic evidence affirms the core relationship.
Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.
Some evidence conflicts on secondary points that do not change the core direction.

What would change this rating

A new core-hitting conflicting study, a retraction of an anchor, or a failed replication would lower this rating.

Used in 12 articles

Does Wearable ECG Accurately Detect Atrial Fibrillation?10 shared studies
Why Does Apple Watch's ECG Come Back Inconclusive So Often?5 shared studies
Cardiologists Miss AFib on Single-Lead Strips About 1 in 43 shared studies
Apple Watch vs. Fitbit: Which Tracks Your Heart Rate More Accurately During a Dangerous Arrhythmia?2 shared studies
Can AI Detect Hidden AFib Risk From a Normal ECG?2 shared studies
Can You Screen Yourself for AFib by Feeling Your Own Pulse?1 shared study
Does a Cuffless Blood Pressure Wearable Actually Work?1 shared study
A Borderline ECG Reading Predicted Later AFib in One Trial1 shared study
Is AFib Overdiagnosed by Wearable Screening? A Real Estimate1 shared study
GUARD-AF Found More AFib and Not Fewer Strokes2 shared studies
Finding More AFib Has Not Clearly Meant Fewer Strokes1 shared study
Seven Trials: AFib Screening Led to Only 7% Fewer Strokes1 shared study

84 studies scored · 7 anchor · 44 supporting · 2 conflicting · 4 commentary (not counted) · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Does wearable-based AF screening improve clinical outcomes like stroke prevention?

Rated proposition Screening asymptomatic individuals for atrial fibrillation using ambulatory ECG monitoring reduces stroke or systemic embolism.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Uncertain Evidence is conflicting, inconsistent, or difficult to interpret.

What the studies found Population-level screening for atrial fibrillation using wearable or ambulatory ECG technology reduces stroke and related clinical harms.

Systematic-review or meta-analytic evidence affirms the core relationship.
Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.
An anchor study is present but its own reported finding does not cleanly affirm this claim, so it does not count toward the Established threshold.
A clean anchor supports this claim, but an unresolved conflicting study contradicts it on the core relationship, so the evidence is treated as in genuine dispute.
Null-result evidence bears directly on the claimed effect.

Used in 7 articles

Seven Trials: AFib Screening Led to Only 7% Fewer Strokes6 shared studies
Finding More AFib Has Not Clearly Meant Fewer Strokes5 shared studies
Fewer Strokes After AFib Screening Only With Risky Genes3 shared studies
GUARD-AF Found More AFib and Not Fewer Strokes2 shared studies
Can AI Detect Hidden AFib Risk From a Normal ECG?1 shared study
Can Your Blood Pressure Cuff Catch AFib You Didn't Know You Had?1 shared study
Is AFib Overdiagnosed by Wearable Screening? A Real Estimate1 shared study

25 studies scored · 5 anchor · 11 supporting · 1 conflicting · 1 null-result · 4 commentary (not counted) · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Do cardiologists disagree when reading a smartwatch ECG strip?

Rated proposition Cardiologists vary substantially when interpreting a single-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Established Strong, consistent evidence supports the claim.

What the studies found Two cardiologists reading the same single-lead strip often reach different verdicts. Agreement is moderate, variability runs to 30 percent, and confidence stays high regardless.

Anchor-grade evidence affirms the core relationship.

What would change this rating

A new core-hitting conflicting study, a retraction of an anchor, or a failed replication would lower this rating.

Used in 2 articles

Cardiologists Miss AFib on Single-Lead Strips About 1 in 43 shared studies
Why Does Apple Watch's ECG Come Back Inconclusive So Often?1 shared study

4 studies scored · 2 anchor · 2 supporting · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Does wearable AFib screening overdiagnose?

Rated proposition Wearable atrial fibrillation screening produces overdiagnosis.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Emerging Evidence currently favors the claim, but more confirmation is needed.

What the studies found Continuous wearable screening nearly triples atrial fibrillation diagnoses and doubles anticoagulant use without clearly reducing adverse events. Overdiagnosis estimates run from 8 to 29 percent.

Anchor-grade evidence affirms the core relationship.
Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.
The claim rests on a single anchor whose finding affirms it; a second independent affirming anchor is needed to reach Established.

Used in 1 article

Is AFib Overdiagnosed by Wearable Screening? A Real Estimate1 shared study

4 studies scored · 1 anchor · 3 supporting · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Does a cuffless blood pressure wearable work?

Rated proposition A cuffless wearable measures blood pressure accurately enough for clinical use.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Uncertain Evidence is conflicting, inconsistent, or difficult to interpret.

What the studies found Cuffless wearable blood pressure is closer on diastolic than systolic and still needs calibration. Even the wrist monitors that use a real cuff have only two devices validated to standard.

An anchor study was assessed but its own reported finding supports this claim only weakly, so the evidence is treated as unsettled rather than affirming.
Some evidence conflicts on secondary points that do not change the core direction.

Used in 1 article

Only Two Wrist Blood Pressure Watches Have Real Accuracy Data1 shared study

4 studies scored · 1 anchor · 2 supporting · 1 conflicting · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Is a wearable ECG good enough to diagnose AFib?

Rated proposition A wearable ECG device detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough for clinical diagnosis.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Emerging Evidence currently favors the claim, but more confirmation is needed.

What the studies found A wearable ECG patch is reliable enough to diagnose atrial fibrillation, at 92 to 98 percent sensitivity, and finds more episodes than a short Holter recording.

Systematic-review or meta-analytic evidence affirms the core relationship.
The claim rests on a single anchor whose finding affirms it; a second independent affirming anchor is needed to reach Established.
Some evidence conflicts on secondary points that do not change the core direction.

Used in 3 articles

Cardiologists Miss AFib on Single-Lead Strips About 1 in 42 shared studies
Does Wearable ECG Accurately Detect Atrial Fibrillation?1 shared study
Why Does Apple Watch's ECG Come Back Inconclusive So Often?1 shared study

4 studies scored · 1 anchor · 1 supporting · 2 conflicting · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Can a blood pressure monitor detect atrial fibrillation?

Rated proposition An automated blood pressure monitor with an atrial fibrillation algorithm detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Emerging Evidence currently favors the claim, but more confirmation is needed.

What the studies found An automated blood pressure monitor running an atrial fibrillation algorithm picks up AF at around 99 to 100 percent sensitivity and 89 to 93 percent specificity. Every source says the same thing about what that is worth: it is a screening result that still needs an ECG to confirm it.

Systematic-review or meta-analytic evidence affirms the core relationship.
Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.
The claim rests on a single anchor whose finding affirms it; a second independent affirming anchor is needed to reach Established.

Used in 1 article

Can Your Blood Pressure Cuff Catch AFib You Didn't Know You Had?2 shared studies

6 studies scored · 1 anchor · 5 supporting · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Can a phone camera detect atrial fibrillation?

Rated proposition A smartphone camera detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Established Strong, consistent evidence supports the claim.

What the studies found A phone camera, pointed at a fingertip or at your face, detects atrial fibrillation at roughly 96 percent sensitivity and 97 percent specificity. In a general population most of its positives are still false, so what it does reliably is rule atrial fibrillation out, not in.

Systematic-review or meta-analytic evidence affirms the core relationship.
Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.

What would change this rating

A new core-hitting conflicting study, a retraction of an anchor, or a failed replication would lower this rating.

Used in 2 articles

Does Wearable ECG Accurately Detect Atrial Fibrillation?1 shared study
GUARD-AF Found More AFib and Not Fewer Strokes1 shared study

6 studies scored · 2 anchor · 3 supporting · 1 commentary (not counted) · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

Does a 14-day ECG patch find more than a 24-hour Holter?

Rated proposition A multi-day ECG patch detects more clinically significant arrhythmias than a 24-hour Holter monitor.

KnowYourPrime evidence rating Emerging Evidence currently favors the claim, but more confirmation is needed.

What the studies found Individual studies find a multi-day ECG patch catches roughly twice the atrial fibrillation a 24-hour Holter does. The one meta-analysis that pooled them found no significant difference, on confidence intervals so wide they rule out almost nothing. The question is open, not settled either way.

Multiple supporting studies are consistent with the core relationship.
Null-result evidence bears directly on the claimed effect.

6 studies scored · 5 supporting · 1 null-result · Evidence last evaluated Oct 15, 2026

MAINTAINED BY The KnowYourPrime Research Desk · reviewed against new evidence on a rolling basis

Evidence on: Consumer wearable photoplethysmography detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough for screening.

84 scored

Anchor Studies7

Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

The New England journal of medicine · 2019

PMID

31722151

RCR

67.8

Citations

1,348

Study type

Clinical trial

Sample size

419,297 participants

adultaged

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study.

Journal

Circulation · 2022

PMID

36148649

RCR

22.3

Citations

248

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

699 participants

adultfemale

Mobile Photoplethysmographic Technology to Detect Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2020

PMID

31487545

RCR

18.9

Citations

375

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

246,541 individuals

adultaged

Clinical Validation of 5 Direct-to-Consumer Wearable Smart Devices to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: BASEL Wearable Study.

Journal

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2023

PMID

36858690

RCR

16.7

Citations

126

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

201 patients

humansfemale

Smartwatch Performance for the Detection and Quantification of Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2020

PMID

31113234

RCR

9.0

Citations

168

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

24 patients

action potentialsaged

Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartwatches for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal

Journal of medical Internet research · 2021

PMID

34448706

RCR

4.8

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

424,371 subjects

atrial fibrillationhumans

Real-World Accuracy of Wearable Activity Trackers for Detecting Medical Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal

JMIR mhealth and uhealth · 2024

DOI

10.2196/56972

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

1,226,801 participants

Supporting Studies44

How useful is the smartwatch ECG?

Journal

Trends in cardiovascular medicine · 2020

PMID

31706789

RCR

6.4

Citations

106

Study type

Review

action potentialsatrial fibrillation

Rationale and design of a large population study to validate software for the assessment of atrial fibrillation from data acquired by a consumer tracker or smartwatch: The Fitbit heart study.

Journal

American heart journal · 2021

PMID

33865810

RCR

5.0

Citations

Study type

Clinical trial

Sample size

455,699 participants

adultaged

Diagnostic accuracy of smart gadgets/wearable devices in detecting atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal

Archives of cardiovascular diseases · 2021

PMID

32921618

RCR

3.2

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

action potentialsaged

Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Atrial Fibrillation Burden Estimation via Wearables.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2022

PMID

34855603

RCR

3.8

Citations

Study type

Primary study

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Accuracy of the Apple watch for detection of AF: A multicenter experience.

Journal

Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2023

PMID

36942773

RCR

3.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansfemale

Arrhythmias Other Than Atrial Fibrillation in Those With an Irregular Pulse Detected With a Smartwatch: Findings From the Apple Heart Study.

Journal

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2021

PMID

34565178

RCR

2.3

Citations

Study type

Primary study

agedalgorithms

Consumer-grade wearable cardiac monitors: What they do well, and what needs work.

Journal

Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine · 2024

PMID

38167395

RCR

1.5

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Continuous Atrial Fibrillation Monitoring From Photoplethysmography: Comparison Between Supervised Deep Learning and Heuristic Signal Processing.

Journal

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2024

PMID

38340117

RCR

1.1

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Accuracy of pulsatile photoplethysmography applications or handheld devices vs. 12-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2022

PMID

34775555

RCR

0.5

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

4296 patients

agedatrial fibrillation

Mobile health solutions for atrial fibrillation detection and management: a systematic review.

Journal

Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022

PMID

34549333

RCR

6.3

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases from Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal

Yonsei medical journal · 2022

PMID

35040610

RCR

6.3

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

n = 62

algorithmsartificial intelligence

Remote and wearable ECG devices with diagnostic abilities in adults: A state-of-the-science scoping review.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2022

PMID

35276320

RCR

5.8

Citations

Study type

Review

adultatrial fibrillation

Clinical evaluation and diagnostic yield following evaluation of abnormal pulse detected using Apple Watch.

Journal

Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021

PMID

32979046

RCR

2.8

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

n = 12

adultaged

Direct-to-consumer detection of atrial fibrillation in a smartwatch electrocardiogram: Medical overuse, medicalisation and the experience of consumers.

Journal

Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022

PMID

35569232

RCR

1.9

Citations

Study type

Primary study

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Artificial intelligence-guided screening for atrial fibrillation using electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm: a prospective non-randomised interventional trial.

Journal

Lancet (London, England) · 2022

PMID

36179758

RCR

17.9

Citations

208

Study type

Clinical trial

Sample size

370 patients

agedartificial intelligence

Detection of atrial fibrillation via adhesive single-lead ECG vs. Holter monitoring in embolic stroke of undetermined source: the AVANT-GARDE trial.

Journal

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2026

PMID

42365924

Citations

Study type

Comparative study

humansatrial fibrillation

Photoplethysmography based atrial fibrillation detection: a continually growing field.

Journal

Physiological measurement · 2024

PMID

38530307

RCR

2.2

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Evaluation of an algorithm-guided photoplethysmography for atrial fibrillation burden using a smartwatch.

Journal

Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE · 2024

PMID

38407298

RCR

1.7

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Accurate, Automated Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Ambulatory Recordings.

Journal

Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2018

PMID

26850411

RCR

1.1

Citations

Study type

Primary study

algorithmsatrial fibrillation

Contact-Free Atrial Fibrillation Screening With Attention Network.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2024

PMID

38412073

RCR

0.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

657 participants

humansatrial fibrillation

Heartbeat: smartwatch devices for detection of atrial fibrillation.

Journal

Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2021

PMID

32291312

RCR

0.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence With Handheld Mobile Electrocardiogram: Deep Learning Model Development Using Real-World Data.

Journal

JMIR medical informatics · 2026

PMID

42623177

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

n = 144

atrial fibrillationhumans

The WATCH AF Trial: SmartWATCHes for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2020

PMID

30784691

RCR

7.4

Citations

155

Study type

Comparative study

Sample size

650 subjects

agedaged, 80 and over

Machine learning detection of Atrial Fibrillation using wearable technology.

Journal

PloS one · 2020

PMID

31978173

RCR

2.4

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

79 cases

agedatrial fibrillation

Continuous heart rate monitoring for automatic detection of atrial fibrillation with novel bio-sensing technology.

Journal

Journal of electrocardiology · 2020

PMID

30476634

RCR

1.8

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

20 patients

algorithmsatrial fibrillation

Accuracy of a Smartwatch to Assess Heart Rate Monitoring and Atrial Fibrillation in Stroke Patients.

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023

PMID

37430546

RCR

2.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

agedfemale

Smartwatch-Based Heart Rate Detection in Atrial, Ventricular and Pulseless Arrhythmias.

Journal

Heart, lung & circulation · 2026

PMID

42350250

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

32 patients

humansfemale

An automated detection of atrial fibrillation from single‑lead ECG using HRV features and machine learning.

Journal

Journal of electrocardiology · 2022

PMID

35918202

RCR

2.3

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humanselectrocardiography

Smartwatch Based Atrial Fibrillation Detection from Photoplethysmography Signals.

Journal

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference · 2020

PMID

31946820

RCR

0.4

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

20 subjects

accelerometryalgorithms

Validation of an algorithm for continuous monitoring of atrial fibrillation using a consumer smartwatch.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2022

PMID

33838317

RCR

4.7

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

204 participants

agedalgorithms

Signal Quality Analysis for Long-Term ECG Monitoring Using a Health Patch in Cardiac Patients.

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023

PMID

36850728

RCR

2.8

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation From Variable-Duration ECG Signal Based on Time-Adaptive Densely Network and Feature Enhancement Strategy.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2023

PMID

36367916

RCR

2.5

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Assessment of signal quality measured with a smart 12-lead ECG acquisition T-shirt.

Journal

Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2021

PMID

31339208

RCR

2.4

Citations

Study type

Primary study

adultclothing

Comparison Between a Single-Lead ECG Garment Device and a Holter Monitor: A Signal Quality Assessment.

Journal

Journal of medical systems · 2024

PMID

38801649

RCR

2.4

Citations

Study type

Comparative study

humansfemale

Automated Signal Quality Assessment of Single-Lead ECG Recordings for Early Detection of Silent Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023

PMID

37420786

RCR

1.6

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Quality Assessment of Ambulatory ECG Using Wavelet Entropy of the HRV Signal.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2018

PMID

28113529

RCR

1.3

Citations

Study type

Primary study

algorithmselectrocardiography, ambulatory

A Review on Atrial Fibrillation Detection From Ambulatory ECG.

Journal

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2024

PMID

37812543

RCR

0.9

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Effect of the recording condition on the quality of a single-lead electrocardiogram.

Journal

Heart and vessels · 2022

PMID

34854951

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

35 patients

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Wear Your Heart on Your Sleeve: Smart Textile ECG Wearables for Comfort, Integration, Signal Quality and Continuous Monitoring in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025

PMID

39943314

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Detection of Non-Sustained Supraventricular Tachycardia in Atrial Fibrillation Screening.

Journal

IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine · 2024

PMID

38899146

RCR

0.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Signal Quality of Smart Shirts Recording Electrocardiography.

Journal

Studies in health technology and informatics · 2025

PMID

40776296

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

48 subjects

humanselectrocardiography

A Novel Deep Ensemble Method for Selective Classification of Electrocardiograms.

Journal

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025

PMID

39378261

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humanselectrocardiography

Diagnostic accuracy of ECG smart chest patches versus PPG smartwatches for atrial fibrillation detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal

BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025

PMID

40000931

RCR

7.1

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

humansatrial fibrillation

A Dual-Modal Wearable PPG Smartwatch with AI-Enhanced Correction for High-Accuracy and Continuous AF Burden Assessment.

Journal

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026

PMID

42446176

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansphotoplethysmography

Conflicting Studies2

Reliability of single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation to detect atrial fibrillation: insights from the SAFER feasibility study.

Journal

Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024

PMID

38941497

RCR

1.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

185 participants

Bears on

Secondary point

humansatrial fibrillation

Accuracy and variability of cardiologist interpretation of single lead electrocardiograms for atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial.

Journal

American heart journal · 2024

PMID

37451355

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Bears on

Secondary point

humansatrial fibrillation

Retired / Excluded27

Real-world validation of smartphone-based photoplethysmography for rate and rhythm monitoring in atrial fibrillation.

Journal

PMID

38630867

RCR

6.4

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study.

Journal

JMIR formative research · 2025

PMID

39791483

RCR

5.1

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

n = 78

humansmale

Accuracy of Smartphone Camera Applications for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal

JAMA network open · 2020

PMID

32242908

RCR

4.1

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

3852 participants

adultaged

Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Continuous, Real-Time Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Using a Wrist-Worn Device in an Ambulatory Environment.

Journal

Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024

PMID

37750558

RCR

2.5

Citations

Study type

Observational study

Sample size

117 patients

humansalgorithms

Can ChatGPT accurately detect atrial fibrillation using smartwatch ECG?

Journal

Heart & lung : the journal of critical care · 2025

PMID

40345017

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

120 patients

humansatrial fibrillation

Automated interpretations of single-lead electrocardiograms predict incident atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2024

PMID

38692342

RCR

0.4

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 16,306

humansatrial fibrillation

Precision prevention and the temporal disruption of evidence: the case of heart rate notifications from wearables.

Journal

Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026

PMID

41176530

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Clinical consequences of smartwatch implementation in a cardiology outpatient clinic.

Journal

Danish medical journal · 2025

PMID

40927828

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

50 patients

humansfemale

Realtime Diagnosis from Electrocardiogram Artificial Intelligence-Guided Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with Long Follow-Up (REGAL): Rationale and design of a pragmatic, decentralized, randomized controlled trial.

Journal

American heart journal · 2024

PMID

37913853

RCR

1.0

Citations

Study type

Clinical trial

agedhumans

Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using a single-lead electrocardiogram at primary care visits: patient uptake and practitioner perspectives from the VITAL-AF trial.

Journal

BMC primary care · 2023

PMID

37391738

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

humansfemale

Intelligent Electrocardiogram Acquisition Via Ubiquitous Photoplethysmography Monitoring.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2024

PMID

38109250

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humanssignal processing, computer-assisted

Role of digital health in detection and management of atrial fibrillation.

Journal

Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2022

PMID

34344729

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Review

adolescentaged

Causes and clinical consequences of inappropriate shocks experienced by patients wearing a cardioverter-defibrillator.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2023

PMID

37211148

RCR

0.5

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

n = 128

humanselectric countershock

Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using an electronic health record‒based clinical prediction model: clinical pilot implementation initiative.

Journal

BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024

PMID

39695540

RCR

0.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

29 patients

humansatrial fibrillation

Clinical electrophysiology of the aging heart.

Journal

Expert review of cardiovascular therapy · 2022

PMID

35282746

RCR

0.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

agedaged, 80 and over

Wearable Electrocardiogram Technology: Help or Hindrance to the Modern Doctor?

Journal

JMIR cardio · 2025

PMID

39931024

RCR

1.6

Citations

Study type

Review

humanswearable electronic devices

The digital revolution in cardiovascular care should not escape scientific scrutiny: a discussion paper.

Journal

Contemporary nurse · 2026

PMID

41047280

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humanswearable electronic devices

Atrial Fibrillation Detection on the Embedded Edge: Energy-Efficient Inference on a Low-Power Microcontroller.

Journal

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025

PMID

41228824

Citations

Study type

Primary study

atrial fibrillationhumans

Consumer-grade wearable devices in arrhythmia diagnostics for clinicians: where we are and where we are going.

Journal

Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing · 2025

PMID

39863724

Citations

Study type

Review

humanswearable electronic devices

How to screen for atrial fibrillation on a community level: Recent advances.

Journal

Kardiologia polska · 2025

PMID

40792681

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Patient experiences with a smartwatch 1L-ECG versus traditional Holter monitoring for ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring: a qualitative study.

Journal

BMJ open · 2025

PMID

41360458

Citations

Study type

Comparative study

humansfemale

Validation of a wearable cuff-less wristwatch-type blood pressure monitoring device.

Journal

Scientific reports · 2021

PMID

33149118

RCR

2.3

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

n = 105

adultaged

Tracking Tidal Volume From Holter and Wearable Armband Electrocardiogram Monitoring.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2024

PMID

38557616

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humanswearable electronic devices

Automated respiratory sinus arrhythmia measurement: Demonstration using executive function assessment.

Journal

Behavior research methods · 2019

PMID

28791596

RCR

0.5

Citations

Study type

Primary study

attentionautonomic nervous system

Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera.

Journal

PMID

31056678

RCR

2.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

136 individuals

atrial fibrillationbelgium

PFDNet: A Pulse Feature Disentanglement Network for Atrial Fibrillation Screening From Facial Videos.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2023

PMID

37022394

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

240 subjects

humansatrial fibrillation

Smartphone-Based Applications for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Journal

Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2025

PMID

39888635

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

5,090 patients

humansatrial fibrillation

Letters, Editorials and Comments (not counted in the rating)4

Novel blood pressure monitoring methods: perspectives for achieving "perfect 24-h blood pressure management".

Journal

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023

PMID

37280261

RCR

1.2

Citations

humansblood pressure

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartphone: Is There an App for That?

Journal

Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018

PMID

27444507

RCR

1.1

Citations

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Electrocardiography Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: We Can Do Better.

Journal

JAMA cardiology · 2019

PMID

30087985

RCR

0.3

Citations

agedatrial fibrillation

Getting Smart About Wearable ECG Interpretation in the Clinic.

Journal

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · 2022

PMID

35738856

RCR

0.2

Citations

electrocardiography, ambulatoryhumans

Evidence on: Screening asymptomatic individuals for atrial fibrillation using ambulatory ECG monitoring reduces stroke or systemic embolism.

25 scored

Anchor Studies5

Clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation screening: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Journal

Annals of medicine · 2025

PMID

39862317

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

458 participants

humansatrial fibrillation

Implantable loop recorder detection of atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke (The LOOP Study): a randomised controlled trial.

Journal

Lancet (London, England) · 2021

PMID

34469766

RCR

32.2

Citations

472

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

6205 individuals

agedanticoagulants

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in the Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal

JAMA cardiology · 2022

PMID

33625468

RCR

10.9

Citations

169

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

856 participants

agedaged, 80 and over

Clinical outcomes in systematic screening for atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP): a multicentre, parallel group, unmasked, randomised controlled trial.

Journal

Lancet (London, England) · 2021

PMID

34469764

RCR

19.9

Citations

308

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 14

agedanticoagulants

Systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation.

Journal

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016

PMID

27258214

RCR

2.1

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

agedasymptomatic diseases

Supporting Studies11

Remote Screening for Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation: The AMALFI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Journal

JAMA · 2025

PMID

40878848

RCR

3.9

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

044 individuals

agedaged, 80 and over

Smartphone-based screening for atrial fibrillation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

Journal

Nature medicine · 2022

PMID

36031651

RCR

8.0

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 2,860

atrial fibrillationchild

Enhanced Detection and Prompt Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation Using Apple Watch: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026

PMID

41569211

RCR

8.0

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

2 men

humansatrial fibrillation

Risk-based screening for the evaluation of atrial fibrillation in general practice (R-BEAT): a randomized cross-over trial.

Journal

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2025

PMID

39786890

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

488 participants

humansatrial fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation Screening According to Genetic Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Randomized LOOP Study.

Journal

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026

PMID

41159983

RCR

2.4

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 5,656

humansatrial fibrillation

Mobile health solutions for atrial fibrillation detection and management: a systematic review.

Journal

Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022

PMID

34549333

RCR

6.3

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Atrial fibrillation.

Journal

Lancet (London, England) · 2026

PMID

41794418

RCR

4.8

Citations

Study type

Review

humansatrial fibrillation

Effect of Screening for Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation on Stroke Prevention.

Journal

Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024

PMID

39230544

RCR

6.8

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 1

humansatrial fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Fishing for An Irregular Heartbeat Before and After Stroke.

Journal

Stroke · 2018

PMID

28916671

RCR

1.3

Citations

Study type

Review

age factorsatrial fibrillation

Opportunistic and systematic screening for atrial fibrillation in adults aged ≥ 65 years in primary care: a systematic review of randomized and cluster randomized trials.

Journal

BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026

PMID

42750002

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

humansatrial fibrillation

Evidence for Decreasing the Age of Atrial Fibrillation Screening for Indigenous People in Australia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

Journal

The Medical journal of Australia · 2026

PMID

42177661

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

humansatrial fibrillation

Conflicting Studies1

Overdiagnosis in atrial fibrillation screening with wearables.

Journal

Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026

PMID

42033454

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Bears on

Core claim

humansanticoagulants

Null-Result Studies1

PPG-based smartphone application vs usual care for atrial fibrillation screening: A European multicenter randomized trial.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2025

PMID

40769446

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Sample size

n = 1

Bears on

Core claim

agedfemale

Retired / Excluded3

Consumer-Led Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Frontier Review of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration.

Journal

Circulation · 2022

PMID

36343103

RCR

5.4

Citations

Study type

Review

humansaged

Precision prevention and the temporal disruption of evidence: the case of heart rate notifications from wearables.

Journal

Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026

PMID

41176530

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Effectiveness of systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation.

Journal

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013

PMID

23633374

RCR

1.4

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

agedasymptomatic diseases

Letters, Editorials and Comments (not counted in the rating)4

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Comes With Many Snags.

Journal

JAMA internal medicine · 2019

PMID

30087984

RCR

0.9

Citations

atrial fibrillationhumans

Atrial Fibrillation Screening: The Tools Are Ready, But Should We Do It?

Journal

Circulation · 2022

PMID

35344406

RCR

0.4

Citations

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Closing the "LOOP".

Journal

Circulation · 2021

PMID

32392102

RCR

0.1

Citations

atrial fibrillationhumans

Opportunistic Screening for Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: It Is Cost-Effective, but Is It Effective?

Journal

Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2023

PMID

37905420

RCR

0.0

Citations

humansatrial fibrillation

Evidence on: Cardiologists vary substantially when interpreting a single-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation.

4 scored

Anchor Studies2

Accuracy and variability of cardiologist interpretation of single lead electrocardiograms for atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial.

Journal

American heart journal · 2024

PMID

37451355

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

humansatrial fibrillation

Reliability of single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation to detect atrial fibrillation: insights from the SAFER feasibility study.

Journal

PMID

38941497

RCR

1.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

185 participants

humansatrial fibrillation

Supporting Studies2

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study.

Journal

JMIR formative research · 2025

PMID

39791483

RCR

5.1

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

n = 78

humansmale

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation?

Journal

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · 2012

PMID

22518390

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationdiagnosis, computer-assisted

Evidence on: Wearable atrial fibrillation screening produces overdiagnosis.

4 scored

Anchor Studies1

Overdiagnosis in atrial fibrillation screening with wearables.

Journal

Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2026

PMID

42033454

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansanticoagulants

Supporting Studies3

Impact of Mobile Health Devices for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review.

Journal

JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2021

PMID

33908885

RCR

1.3

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

adolescentatrial fibrillation

Incidental ambulatory ECG findings during atrial fibrillation screening in community-based populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal

Heart rhythm · 2026

PMID

41620058

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

n = 25

humansatrial fibrillation

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation?

Journal

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · 2012

PMID

22518390

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationdiagnosis, computer-assisted

Evidence on: A cuffless wearable measures blood pressure accurately enough for clinical use.

4 scored

Anchor Studies1

Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring using wearables for cardiovascular risk assessment: a systematic review.

Journal

Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026

PMID

41543583

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

humanswearable electronic devices

Supporting Studies2

Wearable wrist-watch type cuff oscillometric blood pressure monitors: consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on blood pressure monitoring.

Journal

Journal of hypertension · 2026

PMID

42644439

Citations

Study type

Review

humanswearable electronic devices

Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices: Understanding Heterogeneity in Design and Evaluation.

Journal

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering · 2025

PMID

39106139

RCR

2.2

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

humanswearable electronic devices

Conflicting Studies1

Validation of ring-type cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring device for detecting awake-asleep BP variations compared to ambulatory BP monitoring device.

Journal

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026

PMID

42557439

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Bears on

Secondary point

humansblood pressure monitoring, ambulatory

Evidence on: A wearable ECG device detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough for clinical diagnosis.

4 scored

Anchor Studies1

Wearable devices for atrial fibrillation: diagnostic and screening roles of ECG and PPG-A systematic review.

Journal

Future cardiology · 2026

PMID

42332956

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

Sample size

30 participants

humansatrial fibrillation

Supporting Studies1

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study.

Journal

JMIR formative research · 2025

PMID

39791483

RCR

5.1

Citations

Study type

Validity study

Sample size

n = 78

humansmale

Conflicting Studies2

Accuracy and variability of cardiologist interpretation of single lead electrocardiograms for atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial.

Journal

American heart journal · 2024

PMID

37451355

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Randomized controlled trial

Bears on

Secondary point

humansatrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation detection with a portable device during cardiovascular screening in primary care.

Journal

Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2021

PMID

32019822

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Bears on

Secondary point

action potentialsadult

Evidence on: An automated blood pressure monitor with an atrial fibrillation algorithm detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it.

6 scored

Anchor Studies1

Blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation: review and meta-analysis of evidence on accuracy and clinical relevance.

Journal

Journal of hypertension · 2020

PMID

31408028

RCR

2.2

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

atrial fibrillationblood pressure

Supporting Studies5

Diagnostic accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for atrial fibrillation screening.

Journal

Blood pressure monitoring · 2023

PMID

37016988

RCR

0.6

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

295 participants

malefemale

Screening for atrial fibrillation with automated blood pressure measurement: Research evidence and practice recommendations.

Journal

International journal of cardiology · 2016

PMID

26547741

RCR

2.5

Citations

Study type

Review

Sample size

n = 2332

agingatrial fibrillation

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Using a Home Blood Pressure Monitor.

Journal

Vascular health and risk management · 2021

PMID

34285495

RCR

0.9

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

99 subjects

agedaged, 80 and over

Opportunistic screening of atrial fibrillation by automatic blood pressure measurement in the community.

Journal

BMJ open · 2017

PMID

27072571

RCR

1.1

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

220 participants

adultaged

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation?

Journal

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · 2012

PMID

22518390

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationdiagnosis, computer-assisted

Evidence on: A smartphone camera detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it.

6 scored

Anchor Studies2

Accuracy of Smartphone Camera Applications for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal

JAMA network open · 2020

PMID

32242908

RCR

4.1

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

3852 participants

adultaged

Smartphone-Based Applications for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Journal

Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2025

PMID

39888635

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

Sample size

5,090 patients

humansatrial fibrillation

Supporting Studies3

Real-world validation of smartphone-based photoplethysmography for rate and rhythm monitoring in atrial fibrillation.

Journal

PMID

38630867

RCR

6.4

Citations

Study type

Primary study

humansatrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera.

Journal

PMID

31056678

RCR

2.0

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

136 individuals

atrial fibrillationbelgium

PFDNet: A Pulse Feature Disentanglement Network for Atrial Fibrillation Screening From Facial Videos.

Journal

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2023

PMID

37022394

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

240 subjects

humansatrial fibrillation

Letters, Editorials and Comments (not counted in the rating)1

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartphone: Is There an App for That?

Journal

Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018

PMID

27444507

RCR

1.1

Citations

atrial fibrillationelectrocardiography

Evidence on: A multi-day ECG patch detects more clinically significant arrhythmias than a 24-hour Holter monitor.

6 scored

Supporting Studies5

A Patch-Type Electrocardiography Is Superior to Holter Monitoring for Detecting Paroxysmal Cardiac Arrhythmias.

Journal

Journal of Korean medical science · 2025

PMID

40696526

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

147 patients

humansfemale

Enhanced detection of cardiac arrhythmias utilizing 14-day continuous ECG patch monitoring.

Journal

International journal of cardiology · 2021

PMID

33727122

RCR

2.3

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

158 patients

arrhythmias, cardiacelectrocardiography

Effectiveness of cardiac Holter monitoring for more than four weeks for the detection of occult atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Journal

Medicina clinica · 2026

PMID

42398144

Citations

Study type

Primary study

Sample size

352 patients

humansatrial fibrillation

Prevalence and predictors of atrial fibrillation detected after stroke or transient ischemic attack: A comprehensive meta-analysis.

Journal

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026

PMID

41201080

Citations

Study type

Meta-analysis

humansatrial fibrillation

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation?

Journal

The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · 2012

PMID

22518390

RCR

1.2

Citations

Study type

Systematic review

atrial fibrillationdiagnosis, computer-assisted

Null-Result Studies1

Abstract: 14-Day ECG Patch vs 24-Hour Holter Monitoring for Detection of Clinically Significant Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal

South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association · 2026

PMID

42525983

Study type

Meta-analysis

Bears on

Core claim

humanselectrocardiography, ambulatory

01 Research Log

JUL 18 2026

Accuracy of Smartphone Camera Applications for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (JAMA network open 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Mobile health solutions for atrial fibrillation detection and management: a systematic review. (Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Accuracy of pulsatile photoplethysmography applications or handheld devices vs. 12-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Precision prevention and the temporal disruption of evidence: the case of heart rate notifications from wearables. (Medicine, health care, and philosophy 2026) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Diagnostic accuracy of smart gadgets/wearable devices in detecting atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Archives of cardiovascular diseases 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Rationale and design of a large population study to validate software for the assessment of atrial fibrillation from data acquired by a consumer tracker or smartwatch: The Fitbit heart study. (American heart journal 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Accuracy and variability of cardiologist interpretation of single lead electrocardiograms for atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial. (American heart journal 2024) entered as conflicting on the detection accuracy claim.

Remote and wearable ECG devices with diagnostic abilities in adults: A state-of-the-science scoping review. (Heart rhythm 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Automated interpretations of single-lead electrocardiograms predict incident atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial. (Heart rhythm 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Can ChatGPT accurately detect atrial fibrillation using smartwatch ECG? (Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Mobile Photoplethysmographic Technology to Detect Atrial Fibrillation. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2020) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Clinical Validation of 5 Direct-to-Consumer Wearable Smart Devices to Detect Atrial Fibrillation: BASEL Wearable Study. (JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2023) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Continuous Atrial Fibrillation Monitoring From Photoplethysmography: Comparison Between Supervised Deep Learning and Heuristic Signal Processing. (JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Detection of atrial fibrillation via adhesive single-lead ECG vs. Holter monitoring in embolic stroke of undetermined source: the AVANT-GARDE trial. (Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 2026) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Direct-to-consumer detection of atrial fibrillation in a smartwatch electrocardiogram: Medical overuse, medicalisation and the experience of consumers. (Social science & medicine (1982) 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

How useful is the smartwatch ECG? (Trends in cardiovascular medicine 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Artificial intelligence-guided screening for atrial fibrillation using electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm: a prospective non-randomised interventional trial. (Lancet (London, England) 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. (The New England journal of medicine 2019) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Real-world validation of smartphone-based photoplethysmography for rate and rhythm monitoring in atrial fibrillation. (Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2024) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Reliability of single-lead electrocardiogram interpretation to detect atrial fibrillation: insights from the SAFER feasibility study. (Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2024) entered as conflicting on the detection accuracy claim.

Clinical evaluation and diagnostic yield following evaluation of abnormal pulse detected using Apple Watch. (Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Atrial Fibrillation Burden Estimation via Wearables. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Accuracy of the Apple watch for detection of AF: A multicenter experience. (Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Smartwatch Performance for the Detection and Quantification of Atrial Fibrillation. (Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2020) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Arrhythmias Other Than Atrial Fibrillation in Those With an Irregular Pulse Detected With a Smartwatch: Findings From the Apple Heart Study. (Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in a Large Population Using Wearable Devices: The Fitbit Heart Study. (Circulation 2022) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Continuous, Real-Time Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Using a Wrist-Worn Device in an Ambulatory Environment. (Journal of the American Heart Association 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Smartwatches for the Detection of Cardiac Arrhythmia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (Journal of medical Internet research 2021) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study. (JMIR formative research 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases from Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (Yonsei medical journal 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Consumer-grade wearable cardiac monitors: What they do well, and what needs work. (Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Clinical consequences of smartwatch implementation in a cardiology outpatient clinic. (Danish medical journal 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Remote Screening for Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation: The AMALFI Randomized Clinical Trial. (JAMA 2025) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in the Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (JAMA cardiology 2022) entered as anchor on the screening outcomes claim.

PPG-based smartphone application vs usual care for atrial fibrillation screening: A European multicenter randomized trial. (Heart rhythm 2025) entered as null_result on the screening outcomes claim.

Atrial Fibrillation Screening According to Genetic Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Randomized LOOP Study. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Enhanced Detection and Prompt Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation Using Apple Watch: A Randomized Controlled Trial. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2026) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Clinical outcomes in systematic screening for atrial fibrillation (STROKESTOP): a multicentre, parallel group, unmasked, randomised controlled trial. (Lancet (London, England) 2021) entered as anchor on the screening outcomes claim.

Implantable loop recorder detection of atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke (The LOOP Study): a randomised controlled trial. (Lancet (London, England) 2021) entered as anchor on the screening outcomes claim.

Atrial fibrillation. (Lancet (London, England) 2026) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Smartphone-based screening for atrial fibrillation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. (Nature medicine 2022) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Overdiagnosis in atrial fibrillation screening with wearables. (Scandinavian journal of primary health care 2026) entered as conflicting on the screening outcomes claim.

Clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation screening: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (Annals of medicine 2025) entered as anchor on the screening outcomes claim.

Risk-based screening for the evaluation of atrial fibrillation in general practice (R-BEAT): a randomized cross-over trial. (QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 2025) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Consumer-Led Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Frontier Review of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. (Circulation 2022) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

JUL 18 2026

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

JUL 18 2026

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

JUL 18 2026

PPG-based smartphone application vs usual care for atrial fibrillation screening: A European multicenter randomized trial. (Heart rhythm 2025) entered as a null result study on the screening outcomes claim, bearing on the core claim.

It caps the rating until reconciled.

JUL 18 2026

Overdiagnosis in atrial fibrillation screening with wearables. (Scandinavian journal of primary health care 2026) entered as a conflicting study on the screening outcomes claim, bearing on the core claim.

It caps the rating until reconciled.

JUL 30 2026

Consumer-grade wearable devices in arrhythmia diagnostics for clinicians: where we are and where we are going. (Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Precision prevention and the temporal disruption of evidence: the case of heart rate notifications from wearables. (Medicine, health care, and philosophy 2026) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Causes and clinical consequences of inappropriate shocks experienced by patients wearing a cardioverter-defibrillator. (Heart rhythm 2023) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Automated interpretations of single-lead electrocardiograms predict incident atrial fibrillation: The VITAL-AF trial. (Heart rhythm 2024) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Can ChatGPT accurately detect atrial fibrillation using smartwatch ECG? (Heart & lung : the journal of critical care 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

The digital revolution in cardiovascular care should not escape scientific scrutiny: a discussion paper. (Contemporary nurse 2026) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Clinical electrophysiology of the aging heart. (Expert review of cardiovascular therapy 2022) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Intelligent Electrocardiogram Acquisition Via Ubiquitous Photoplethysmography Monitoring. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2024) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Patient experiences with a smartwatch 1L-ECG versus traditional Holter monitoring for ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring: a qualitative study. (BMJ open 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Role of digital health in detection and management of atrial fibrillation. (Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2022) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using a single-lead electrocardiogram at primary care visits: patient uptake and practitioner perspectives from the VITAL-AF trial. (BMC primary care 2023) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Screening for undiagnosed atrial fibrillation using an electronic health record‒based clinical prediction model: clinical pilot implementation initiative. (BMC medical informatics and decision making 2024) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Wearable Electrocardiogram Technology: Help or Hindrance to the Modern Doctor? (JMIR cardio 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study. (JMIR formative research 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Atrial Fibrillation Detection on the Embedded Edge: Energy-Efficient Inference on a Low-Power Microcontroller. (Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

How to screen for atrial fibrillation on a community level: Recent advances. (Kardiologia polska 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Clinical consequences of smartwatch implementation in a cardiology outpatient clinic. (Danish medical journal 2025) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Consumer-Led Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Frontier Review of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. (Circulation 2022) entered as retired on the screening outcomes claim.

AUG 7 2026

Validation of a wearable cuff-less wristwatch-type blood pressure monitoring device. (Scientific reports 2021) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. (The New England journal of medicine 2019) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Photoplethysmography based atrial fibrillation detection: a continually growing field. (Physiological measurement 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Effect of Screening for Undiagnosed Atrial Fibrillation on Stroke Prevention. (Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2024) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

AUG 21 2026

Electrocardiography Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: We Can Do Better. (JAMA cardiology 2019) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Accurate, Automated Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Ambulatory Recordings. (Cardiovascular engineering and technology 2018) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Getting Smart About Wearable ECG Interpretation in the Clinic. (JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Novel blood pressure monitoring methods: perspectives for achieving "perfect 24-h blood pressure management". (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2023) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Validation of a wearable cuff-less wristwatch-type blood pressure monitoring device. (Scientific reports 2021) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Large-Scale Assessment of a Smartwatch to Identify Atrial Fibrillation. (The New England journal of medicine 2019) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Contact-Free Atrial Fibrillation Screening With Attention Network. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Tracking Tidal Volume From Holter and Wearable Armband Electrocardiogram Monitoring. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2024) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Evaluation of an algorithm-guided photoplethysmography for atrial fibrillation burden using a smartwatch. (Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Heartbeat: smartwatch devices for detection of atrial fibrillation. (Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartphone: Is There an App for That? (Journal of the American Heart Association 2018) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence With Handheld Mobile Electrocardiogram: Deep Learning Model Development Using Real-World Data. (JMIR medical informatics 2026) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Automated respiratory sinus arrhythmia measurement: Demonstration using executive function assessment. (Behavior research methods 2019) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Comes With Many Snags. (JAMA internal medicine 2019) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Opportunistic Screening for Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: It Is Cost-Effective, but Is It Effective? (Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 2023) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation: Closing the "LOOP". (Circulation 2021) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Atrial Fibrillation Screening: The Tools Are Ready, But Should We Do It? (Circulation 2022) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Fishing for An Irregular Heartbeat Before and After Stroke. (Stroke 2018) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

SEP 4 2026

Smartwatch-Based Heart Rate Detection in Atrial, Ventricular and Pulseless Arrhythmias. (Heart, lung & circulation 2026) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

The WATCH AF Trial: SmartWATCHes for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation. (JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Continuous heart rate monitoring for automatic detection of atrial fibrillation with novel bio-sensing technology. (Journal of electrocardiology 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

An automated detection of atrial fibrillation from single‑lead ECG using HRV features and machine learning. (Journal of electrocardiology 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Smartwatch Based Atrial Fibrillation Detection from Photoplethysmography Signals. (Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Machine learning detection of Atrial Fibrillation using wearable technology. (PloS one 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Accuracy of a Smartwatch to Assess Heart Rate Monitoring and Atrial Fibrillation in Stroke Patients. (Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

SEP 17 2026

Effect of the recording condition on the quality of a single-lead electrocardiogram. (Heart and vessels 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Comparison Between a Single-Lead ECG Garment Device and a Holter Monitor: A Signal Quality Assessment. (Journal of medical systems 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Validation of an algorithm for continuous monitoring of atrial fibrillation using a consumer smartwatch. (Heart rhythm 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Remote and wearable ECG devices with diagnostic abilities in adults: A state-of-the-science scoping review. (Heart rhythm 2022) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

The WATCH AF Trial: SmartWATCHes for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation. (JACC. Clinical electrophysiology 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Atrial fibrillation screening with photo-plethysmography through a smartphone camera. (Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology 2020) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Quality Assessment of Ambulatory ECG Using Wavelet Entropy of the HRV Signal. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2018) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

PFDNet: A Pulse Feature Disentanglement Network for Atrial Fibrillation Screening From Facial Videos. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation From Variable-Duration ECG Signal Based on Time-Adaptive Densely Network and Feature Enhancement Strategy. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Detection of Non-Sustained Supraventricular Tachycardia in Atrial Fibrillation Screening. (IEEE journal of translational engineering in health and medicine 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

A Review on Atrial Fibrillation Detection From Ambulatory ECG. (IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering 2024) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

A Novel Deep Ensemble Method for Selective Classification of Electrocardiograms. (IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Assessment of signal quality measured with a smart 12-lead ECG acquisition T-shirt. (Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc 2021) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Signal Quality of Smart Shirts Recording Electrocardiography. (Studies in health technology and informatics 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Signal Quality Analysis for Long-Term ECG Monitoring Using a Health Patch in Cardiac Patients. (Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Automated Signal Quality Assessment of Single-Lead ECG Recordings for Early Detection of Silent Atrial Fibrillation. (Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2023) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Wear Your Heart on Your Sleeve: Smart Textile ECG Wearables for Comfort, Integration, Signal Quality and Continuous Monitoring in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. (Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Opportunistic and systematic screening for atrial fibrillation in adults aged ≥ 65 years in primary care: a systematic review of randomized and cluster randomized trials. (BMC cardiovascular disorders 2026) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

SEP 17 2026

It caps the rating until reconciled.

SEP 17 2026

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

SEP 29 2026

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study. (JMIR formative research 2025) entered as supporting on the reader_variability claim.

SEP 29 2026

Overdiagnosis in atrial fibrillation screening with wearables. (Scandinavian journal of primary health care 2026) entered as anchor on the screening_overdiagnosis claim.

SEP 29 2026

Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring using wearables for cardiovascular risk assessment: a systematic review. (Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 2026) entered as anchor on the cuffless_bp claim.

Wearable wrist-watch type cuff oscillometric blood pressure monitors: consensus statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on blood pressure monitoring. (Journal of hypertension 2026) entered as supporting on the cuffless_bp claim.

SEP 30 2026

Wearable devices for atrial fibrillation: diagnostic and screening roles of ECG and PPG-A systematic review. (Future cardiology 2026) entered as anchor on the ecg_detection claim.

Comparative Evaluation of Consumer Wearable Devices for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: Validation Study. (JMIR formative research 2025) entered as supporting on the ecg_detection claim.

SEP 30 2026

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

OCT 1 2026

Effectiveness of systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation. (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2013) entered as retired on the screening outcomes claim.

Systematic screening for the detection of atrial fibrillation. (The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2016) entered as anchor on the screening outcomes claim.

OCT 1 2026

Screening for atrial fibrillation with automated blood pressure measurement: Research evidence and practice recommendations. (International journal of cardiology 2016) entered as supporting on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

Blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation: review and meta-analysis of evidence on accuracy and clinical relevance. (Journal of hypertension 2020) entered as anchor on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

Diagnostic accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for atrial fibrillation screening. (Blood pressure monitoring 2023) entered as supporting on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

Opportunistic screening of atrial fibrillation by automatic blood pressure measurement in the community. (BMJ open 2017) entered as supporting on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

Detection of Atrial Fibrillation Using a Home Blood Pressure Monitor. (Vascular health and risk management 2021) entered as supporting on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

OCT 1 2026

Smartphone-Based Applications for Atrial Fibrillation Detection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. (Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 2025) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Real-World Accuracy of Wearable Activity Trackers for Detecting Medical Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (JMIR mhealth and uhealth 2024) entered as anchor on the detection accuracy claim.

Impact of Mobile Health Devices for the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation: Systematic Review. (JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2021) entered as supporting on the screening_overdiagnosis claim.

OCT 2 2026

Accuracy of Smartphone Camera Applications for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (JAMA network open 2020) entered as anchor on the smartphone_af_detection claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartphone: Is There an App for That? (Journal of the American Heart Association 2018) entered as supporting on the smartphone_af_detection claim.

OCT 2 2026

Accuracy of Smartphone Camera Applications for Detecting Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (JAMA network open 2020) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

PFDNet: A Pulse Feature Disentanglement Network for Atrial Fibrillation Screening From Facial Videos. (IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2023) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

Screening for Atrial Fibrillation Using a Smartphone: Is There an App for That? (Journal of the American Heart Association 2018) entered as retired on the detection accuracy claim.

OCT 2 2026

Enhanced detection of cardiac arrhythmias utilizing 14-day continuous ECG patch monitoring. (International journal of cardiology 2021) entered as supporting on the patch_vs_holter claim.

Effectiveness of cardiac Holter monitoring for more than four weeks for the detection of occult atrial fibrillation in embolic stroke of undetermined source. (Medicina clinica 2026) entered as supporting on the patch_vs_holter claim.

Prevalence and predictors of atrial fibrillation detected after stroke or transient ischemic attack: A comprehensive meta-analysis. (International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society 2026) entered as supporting on the patch_vs_holter claim.

A Patch-Type Electrocardiography Is Superior to Holter Monitoring for Detecting Paroxysmal Cardiac Arrhythmias. (Journal of Korean medical science 2025) entered as supporting on the patch_vs_holter claim.

Abstract: 14-Day ECG Patch vs 24-Hour Holter Monitoring for Detection of Clinically Significant Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. (South Dakota medicine : the journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association 2026) entered as anchor on the patch_vs_holter claim.

OCT 2 2026

Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices: Understanding Heterogeneity in Design and Evaluation. (IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering 2025) entered as supporting on the cuffless_bp claim.

Evidence for Decreasing the Age of Atrial Fibrillation Screening for Indigenous People in Australia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. (The Medical journal of Australia 2026) entered as supporting on the screening outcomes claim.

Incidental ambulatory ECG findings during atrial fibrillation screening in community-based populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (Heart rhythm 2026) entered as supporting on the screening_overdiagnosis claim.

OCT 2 2026

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation? (The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2012) entered as supporting on the bp_monitor_af_detection claim.

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation? (The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2012) entered as supporting on the patch_vs_holter claim.

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation? (The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2012) entered as supporting on the reader_variability claim.

How can we best detect atrial fibrillation? (The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2012) entered as supporting on the screening_overdiagnosis claim.

OCT 2 2026

It caps the rating until reconciled.

OCT 7 2026

Diagnostic accuracy of ECG smart chest patches versus PPG smartwatches for atrial fibrillation detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (BMC cardiovascular disorders 2025) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

OCT 15 2026

Validation of ring-type cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring device for detecting awake-asleep BP variations compared to ambulatory BP monitoring device. (Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 2026) entered as conflicting on the cuffless_bp claim.

A Dual-Modal Wearable PPG Smartwatch with AI-Enhanced Correction for High-Accuracy and Continuous AF Burden Assessment. (Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) 2026) entered as supporting on the detection accuracy claim.

Atrial fibrillation detection with a portable device during cardiovascular screening in primary care. (Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2021) entered as conflicting on the ecg_detection claim.

OCT 15 2026

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

OCT 15 2026

Atrial fibrillation detection with a portable device during cardiovascular screening in primary care. (Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2021) entered as a conflicting study on the ecg_detection claim, flagged as bearing on a secondary point, not the core direction.

Because it does not hit the core claim, it does not cap the rating and is tracked as an open question.

02 Revision Log

OCT 2 2026

patch_vs_holter: Uncertain → Emerging

Moved to Emerging by rule from the current evidence for: A multi-day ECG patch detects more clinically significant arrhythmias than a 24-hour Holter monitor..

OCT 2 2026

patch_vs_holter: opened at Uncertain

Opened at Uncertain by rule from the current evidence for: A multi-day ECG patch detects more clinically significant arrhythmias than a 24-hour Holter monitor..

OCT 2 2026

smartphone_af_detection: opened at Established

Opened at Established by rule from the current evidence for: A smartphone camera detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it..

OCT 1 2026

bp_monitor_af_detection: opened at Emerging

Opened at Emerging by rule from the current evidence for: An automated blood pressure monitor with an atrial fibrillation algorithm detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough to screen for it..

SEP 30 2026

ecg_detection: opened at Emerging

Opened at Emerging by rule from the current evidence for: A wearable ECG device detects atrial fibrillation accurately enough for clinical diagnosis..

SEP 29 2026

cuffless_bp: opened at Uncertain

Opened at Uncertain by rule from the current evidence for: A cuffless wearable measures blood pressure accurately enough for clinical use..

SEP 29 2026

screening_overdiagnosis: opened at Emerging

Opened at Emerging by rule from the current evidence for: Wearable atrial fibrillation screening produces overdiagnosis..

SEP 29 2026

reader_variability: opened at Established

Opened at Established by rule from the current evidence for: Cardiologists vary substantially when interpreting a single-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation..

SEP 17 2026

detection accuracy: Emerging → Established

Moved to Established by rule from the current evidence for: Wearable-derived ECG or PPG signals detect atrial fibrillation with accuracy comparable to clinical reference standards..

SEP 17 2026

detection accuracy: Established → Emerging

Moved to Emerging by rule from the current evidence for: Wearable-derived ECG or PPG signals detect atrial fibrillation with accuracy comparable to clinical reference standards..

JUL 18 2026

screening outcomes: opened at Uncertain

Opened at Uncertain by rule from the current evidence for: Screening asymptomatic individuals for atrial fibrillation using wearable or ambulatory ECG monitoring reduces stroke or systemic embolism..

JUL 18 2026

detection accuracy: opened at Established

Opened at Established by rule from the current evidence for: Wearable-derived ECG or PPG signals detect atrial fibrillation with accuracy comparable to clinical reference standards..

This page interprets published research. It is not medical advice. The KnowYourPrime Research Desk rates the evidence supporting a claim, not the claim itself. It does not diagnose or treat. Talk to your own doctor about your health.